Bulk Energy Storage in Giga Watt devices to meet peak hour demand of the Grid
Energy or Electricity storage in small quantity is being done by lead-acid batteries and capacitors. Contrary to the general belief that energy can’t be stored in huge quantity there are many devices already in use which may store Mega Watts and even Giga Watts.
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems store energy in the magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a superconducting coil. Superconducting Magnetic Storage Energy Systems store energy within a magnet and release it within a fraction of a cycle.
In compressed air energy storage, off-peak power is taken from the Grid and is used to pump air into a sealed underground cavern to a high pressure. Compressed air stored is utilized during peak hour for generation of electricity. For compression of air renewable energy sources such as solar and wind may be utilized.
Super capacitors and Ultra capacitors are the new super battery for energy storage. Super capacitors will supply power to the system when there are surges.
A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that derives its energy from combustible substances such as hydrogen, methane, propane, and methanol. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts a source fuel into an electric current.
Making ice during night and using it for cooling of building at day time is also good idea to store electricity.
Molten salt solar energy storage, Ammonia energy storage, Flywheel energy storage plant and natural and synthetic zeolites are also some innovation which is already in developmental stages.
For storing energy in huge quantity Pumped storage hydro power plant is best option. Water from sea, River, Lake and Used flooded mines may be pumped to height at 500 to 700 meters by making reservoirs at hill. Reversible Pump-Turbine and Motor-Generator set is being used for the purpose. Combined efficiency of this system may be higher than 70%. Off peak power from conventional sources such as Thermal Power Plant or Nuclear Power Plant may be used. Renewable energy sources such as solar or wind may also be used for pumping of water to higher elevation. Pumped storage hydro power plant is very profitable as energy may be purchased during night or off peak period at negligible cost and same power may be sold at very higher prices at Peak Hours. Fluctuation is frequency and voltage may be minimized and smart management of grid is added advantage.
There are old hydro power plants which run on base load and even water is spilled during rainy season. Wastage of energy due to spilling of water may be avoided by increasing generation capacity. By increasing generation capacity these hydro power plants may be used for peak load demands. Installing new hydro power plants involves great cost and time but increasing its generation capacity involves negligible cost and time. This type of hydro power plants may be termed as elated hydro power plant and best for meeting peak hour demand. Commercially these Hydro power plants may bring huge profits for investors and stability in Grid may be ensured by this idea. Pumping losses may be completely avoided which may be more than 25% in case of Pumped hydro power plant.
Elated and Pumped Hydro power plant may store electricity in Giga Watt and these are feasible solution which are ensuring grid stability and bring huge profits for investors. Others innovation is also fast becoming commercially viable solution and may become reliable source of energy storage so that renewable energy may effectively used in future. Development of energy storage devices may ensure effective use of intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind which are source of clean and green energy and may replace other polluting energy sources in future.
Our future is heavily dependent on innovation of energy or electricity storage devices which may pave the way for effective use of clean energy sources.
http://energystoragedevices.blogspot.com/
Electricity and Energy Storage in Huge Quantity Innovation, Research and Invention Forum
Elated Hydro Power Plant, Pumped Hydro Power Plant, Superconducting magnetic, Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, in a revolutionary leap that could transform solar power from a marginal, boutique alternative into a mainstream energy source, MIT researchers
Saturday, October 9, 2010
Sunday, September 12, 2010
Thermal Power Plant Training Guide4u
Author - Writer4u Engineer4u
Introduction, Facts, Problem Solution and Tackle Emengencies of Thermal Power Plant
Boiler is used for steam generation.
Ball Mill or Bowl mills are used for pulverisation of coal in powder form for efficient firing in boiler.
Raw Coal Feeders are used to supply coal to ball mills in controlled quantity.
Primary Air Fan are used to transport and preheat pulverised coal to burners.
Induced Draught Fan are used to exhaust flue gases to Chimeny and create vaccum in Furnace.
Electrostatic Precipitators are used to separate ash particles from flue gases to control pollution. Here collecting electrode, emmiting electrode and rapping mechanism used to dislodge fly ash particle.
FD Fan used to provide air to boiler for help in firing which is called secondary air.
Steam produced in boiler is further superheated in Superheaters. There are lot superheaters such as platen, pendent, convection and final superheaters.
Boiler drum used for separation of staem from water and storage. Nowadays Drum less once through boiler also used which operates at super critical temerature and Pressure.
Boiler circulation pump used for forced circulation of water in water wall because at high pressure natural circulation is not possible.
Soot Blowers used to remove soot from water wall, Superheater, Reheaters and Air Heaters by injecting steam into heating surfaces.
Ash slurry pumps are used to flush ash with water.
Boiler Feed Pump used to provide water to boiler Drum.
Deaerator used to separate dissolved air from Feed water.
In Turbine heat energy of steam is converted into mechanical energy.
ESV which is called emergency stop valve used to stop supply of steam to turbine when unit trips.
Reheaters used to reheat steam exhausted from HP turbine.After reheating upto 535 degree centrigade same steam is utilised in Intermediate Pressure Turbine.
Barring gear or shaft turning gear is used to ratate turbinr rotor at 3.15 rpm when turbine is not running to check bending of rotor due to its own weight.
LP Heaters and HP Heaters are used to heat condensate and feed water supplied to boiler to increase efficiency by steam bled from turbine extraction.
Economiser are used to heat feed water by flue gages to increase efficiency. Heat of waste flue gas is utilised here.
Air Heaters uses heat of waste flue gases to preheat primary and secondary air.There are two types of air heaters tubular and rotary.
Condenser used to condence steam exhausted from turbine.
Condensate Pump are used to supply water to Deaerator from condenser Hot well.
CW Pump used to cool steam exhausted from turbine into condensers.
Raw Water is Circulated by cw pump into condenser tube hence leakage from condenser tubes must be checked to avoid mixing of raw water into Hot well.
Turbogenerator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
H2 Gas used in generators used for cooling of generators.
Seal Oil system used to seal hydrogen gas from escape from generator.
Stator Water Cooling system provides demineralised water into hollow stator conductor of generator for its cooling.
Generating Tansformer steps up volatage for transmission.
Water Treatment Plant is used to produce demineralised water for steam generation. Cation anion and degassifier tower used to separate mineral and gases from water.PAC or alum used to separate mud and silica from water.Here minerals removed from water and ph value is maintained near 7 and silica value must less tham 0.02 ppm
Coal Handling Plant supplies Coal to Boiler.Merry go round system or wagon trippler used to unload coal into hoppers. Coal is crused in crusher to crush it in 25mm size.Magnetic separators used to separate metalic particles from coal.
ABCB,SF6,OCB,MOCB and VCB are circuit breakers used to make or break electricity contact at load.
Isolators are used to make or break contact at no loads.
ABT
ABT is availability based tarrif and frequency based pricing system to maintain Grid discipline.
Purging is done to clean furnace from combustible gases by running ID Fan and FD Fan at atleast 30% load for 5 minutes to avoid furnace explosion.
Furnace explosion may be checked by timely purging and adjusting firing properly using right quantity of primary and secondary air and timely oil support and avoiding leakage of fuel oil in boiler. Furnace must be purged properly again if flame is not established during lightup of boiler.
Flame scanners used to sense flame in boiler to detect flame failure to avoid boiler furnace explosion.
FSSS is furnace safeguards supervisory system to safeguard boiler.
How To avoid Clinker Formation in Boiler?
Clinker Formation in Boiler of Thermal Power Station is due to high Ash Content which have low fusion temperature below 1470 degree centrigrade and Minerals present in it. Due to poor Quality of Coal ash got fused and mineral content stick into Water Wall which is very difficult to remove often requires removal by pneumatic machines. This Clinker deposition may be stopped to some extent if sufficient water is sprayed into hopper and regular poking and using good quality of coal. Ash fusion temperature must be above 1470 degree centrigrade and soot blowing regularly at load by enjecting steam by wall blowers. Overfiring is also responsible hence firing must be properly adjusted by proper balance of primary and secondary air in boiler.
Accumulation of clinker may be checked if poking of hoppers done regularly and any negligence may start process of clinker deposition. If clinker is not removed immediately then same may choke hopper and often workers got burnt due to sudden fall of hot water which accumulated in hopper.
Once clinker formed into hopper than outage of unit is evident otherwise clinker may deposit in huge quantity which will be very difficult to remove because minerals content present in coal fused with ash deposit into water wall. Such hard Lumps of Clinkers requires pneumatic hammering which takes very much time resulting in forced closure of unit for weeks.
Although cause of clinker formation is poor coal quality and high mineral content in coal but accumulation in Water Wall is result of negligence by Workers and Engineers who do not poke hopper regularly and spray insufficient amount of water into hopper which may not flush fused slag to channels. Outage of clinker grinder and soot blower is also matter of concern may be termed as negligence.
Hence it is advised never blame to low coal quality,low GCV,low ash fusion temperature and high mineral content in coal.Instead of blaming to above factors try regular poking and provide sufficient water in hopper.Clinker Grinders must be made operational. Soot blowing must be done regulaly by injecting steam. In India coal supplied to power plants is mostly of low quality which has high ash content so precaution is best solution here to avoid deposition and formation of clinkers in Boiler.
Precaution may stop clinker deposition and formation so remain vigilant.
Boiler Tube Leak Detection by Acoustic Monitoring Instruments
Acoustic Instruments may be used to detect early boiler tube leak to avoid secondary damage to pressure parts.Boiler acoustic tube leak detection system must be used as it prevent damage to costly boiler parts and it is very much cost effective.An increase in boiler availability of just one day will more than cover the cost of a leak detection system.
Traditional leak detection system such hearing hissing sound by ear or monitoring feed water flow or furnace vaccum is not much reliable because it can not detect small leak so damage to vital costly equipment of boiler may not be avoided.Writer noticed many instances where thermal power plants boiler allowed to run for long time due to confusion which caused permanent damage to many boiler tubes,refractory and boiler structures.Hence importance of acoustic monitoring leak detection systems sincerely felt .
Acoustic leak detection sensors detect high frequency emmissions from site of leak and Sensitive piezoelectric sensors mounted to the structure transform these acoustic waves to electronic voltage signals, which are amplified, filtered, and processed to determine energy content.
Early detection by acoustic monitoring instruments results in substantial reduction of repair times and costs with a consequent increase in plant availability and profits. The early detection of a bolier tube leak will give financial savings which will easily exceed the initial capital cost of the detection system even at the very first event.
http://www.acousticmonitoring.com/
Acousti monitoring international
p(330)305-1422f(330)494-9822-16707 harbour drive n.w cantou ohio 447
http://www.proconeng.com/mainfiles/boilerleak.html
procon engineering
http://www.triple5industries.com/
http://www.steamleak.com/
How To Run Thermal Power Plant Units Efficiently?
How to run units efficiently and saftly is big question today? Thermal Power Plant Units require great care during operation. Only highly trained Employees and Engineers may handle effectively. Only Quality Training Programmes for Engineers and Operators may ensure efficient Running. Greatest Importance must be given to such Training Programmes. Frequent trippings, damage of auxiliaries and Accidents are seen if Engineers and Employees are not properly Trained. Engineers must know Important facts and Operational Precaution for efficient operation of Units which are descibed below.
Coal is received from mines by Merry Go Round System. Old Power Houses uses the Wagon Tripler which turn Wagon to unload it. Coal is Crushed upto size of 25 mm and Magnetic particles are separated. If Coal is not properly crushed and Iron pieces not seperated then Pulverisers and Raw Coal Feeders will face severe problems. Chain of Raw Coal Feeder may damage due to metallic parts present in Coal. Big Size Coal may affect grinding capacity of our Pulverisers.
Raw Coal Feeders are used to provide controlled quantity of Coal to Pulverisers. Ball Mill or Bowl Mill are being used to grind coal in powder form for efficiently burning Coal.
Primary Air Fan provides air for tranportation of Coal and its drying. Forced Draught Fan provide Secondary Air help burning coal. Important point which must be remember that Ratio of Primary and Secondary must be proper. Quantity of Primary Air, Secondary Air and Pulverised Coal must be properly adjusted and firing must be checked properly by flame scanners so that they may not be unburnt coal.
Air from Feed Water is seperated by Deaerator. Hydrazine is dosed here so that oxygen is removed from feed water. Phosphate dosing is done in Boiler Drum to seperate Silica particles from feed water. Dosing of Phosphate and Hydrazine must be properly monitored. Sample of water must be timely get checked from Lab so that deposition of silica in Boiler Tubes and Turbine Blades may be avoided. Continous Blow Down valve is generally opened upto 10% to 30% as per sample reports from water chemistry lab.
At the start of boiler ignitors or oil rows if the flame is not established then we must relight boiler after purging. Boiler Furnace explosion may be avoided by timely purging and stoppage of leakage of fuel oil in furnace. Purging is done before every light up of boiler by starting Induced Draft Fan and Forced Draft Fan for five minute and maintain 30% air flow for five minutes so that unburnt fuel and gases present in boiler furnace may escape.
At low load always take fuel oil support to avoid flame failure.
Soot blowing which done to dislodge soot from boiler tubes must be regularly done by injecting steam at sufficient pressure and temperature as per manufacturer's guidlines and intructions.
Poking of ash hoppers must be continiously monitored so that hoppers may not choked and further deposition of clinkers takes place. Clinker grinders must be made operational.
L P Drain which are provided at boiler zero meter for draining water if salt concentration and silica value increases must be operated under strict guidance and monitoring. L P Drain valve must be opened partially, one by one for less than one minutes otherwise water wall may damage due to stoppage of natural cirulation. It is best practice to operate L P Drain at the time of light up of boiler when pressure and temperarure is relatively low.
Isolators must be opened or closed at no Loads and Circuit Breakers may be opened or closed at Load.
Stator water cooling system is provided for cooling of Generator Stator Conductors where Demineralised water is circulated in hollow conductors. Quality of Demineralised water must be monitored.
Power Plant Auxiliaries such as I D Fan, F D Fan, PA Fan must be started at no load because at the time of start of motor it takes nearly 14 times more current. Position of Discharge and Suction Dampers must be properly checked.
For starting Boiler Feed Pump we must ensure that suction valve is opened and discharge valve is closed and recirculation valve must be opened.
Interlock and Protection must be timely checked to know its fuctioning.
At the instant of tripping of unit we must open Main breaker first and after Main breaker is tripped and current in all three phases shows zero then we must open field breaker of generator for its safety.
D C Seal oil Pump, D C Lub oil Pump, D C Fire Pump must be started daily to check its functioning.
Barring Gear or Shaft Turning Gear must be immediately engaged when turbine rotor speed reaches to zero to avoid its bending.
At the time of Boiler Tube Leakage we must immediately trip the unit to avoid secondary damage. Feed flow quantity, Deaerator level, Furnace Vaccum must be monitored regularly. Hissing sound may be observed from site in case of tube leakage. Acoustic Monitoring Instruments may also be used to detect small Boiler Tube Leakage upto size of 2.5 mm with its correct location. This system may detect leakage at the moment it starts.
Operation of Modern Thermal Power Plant requires great attention and Precaution for its safe and efficient running although many advanced protection, auto and burner management system which are controlled by latest softawre and computer are provided. Engineers engaged in operation should remain vigilant, understand the procedures to control emergencies and prepare for many more unexpected circustances.
http://boilerdetails.blogspot.com/
https://sites.google.com/site/thermaltraining/
How a coal power station works?
Introduction, Facts, Problem Solution and Tackle Emengencies of Thermal Power Plant
Boiler is used for steam generation.
Ball Mill or Bowl mills are used for pulverisation of coal in powder form for efficient firing in boiler.
Raw Coal Feeders are used to supply coal to ball mills in controlled quantity.
Primary Air Fan are used to transport and preheat pulverised coal to burners.
Induced Draught Fan are used to exhaust flue gases to Chimeny and create vaccum in Furnace.
Electrostatic Precipitators are used to separate ash particles from flue gases to control pollution. Here collecting electrode, emmiting electrode and rapping mechanism used to dislodge fly ash particle.
FD Fan used to provide air to boiler for help in firing which is called secondary air.
Steam produced in boiler is further superheated in Superheaters. There are lot superheaters such as platen, pendent, convection and final superheaters.
Boiler drum used for separation of staem from water and storage. Nowadays Drum less once through boiler also used which operates at super critical temerature and Pressure.
Boiler circulation pump used for forced circulation of water in water wall because at high pressure natural circulation is not possible.
Soot Blowers used to remove soot from water wall, Superheater, Reheaters and Air Heaters by injecting steam into heating surfaces.
Ash slurry pumps are used to flush ash with water.
Boiler Feed Pump used to provide water to boiler Drum.
Deaerator used to separate dissolved air from Feed water.
In Turbine heat energy of steam is converted into mechanical energy.
ESV which is called emergency stop valve used to stop supply of steam to turbine when unit trips.
Reheaters used to reheat steam exhausted from HP turbine.After reheating upto 535 degree centrigade same steam is utilised in Intermediate Pressure Turbine.
Barring gear or shaft turning gear is used to ratate turbinr rotor at 3.15 rpm when turbine is not running to check bending of rotor due to its own weight.
LP Heaters and HP Heaters are used to heat condensate and feed water supplied to boiler to increase efficiency by steam bled from turbine extraction.
Economiser are used to heat feed water by flue gages to increase efficiency. Heat of waste flue gas is utilised here.
Air Heaters uses heat of waste flue gases to preheat primary and secondary air.There are two types of air heaters tubular and rotary.
Condenser used to condence steam exhausted from turbine.
Condensate Pump are used to supply water to Deaerator from condenser Hot well.
CW Pump used to cool steam exhausted from turbine into condensers.
Raw Water is Circulated by cw pump into condenser tube hence leakage from condenser tubes must be checked to avoid mixing of raw water into Hot well.
Turbogenerator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
H2 Gas used in generators used for cooling of generators.
Seal Oil system used to seal hydrogen gas from escape from generator.
Stator Water Cooling system provides demineralised water into hollow stator conductor of generator for its cooling.
Generating Tansformer steps up volatage for transmission.
Water Treatment Plant is used to produce demineralised water for steam generation. Cation anion and degassifier tower used to separate mineral and gases from water.PAC or alum used to separate mud and silica from water.Here minerals removed from water and ph value is maintained near 7 and silica value must less tham 0.02 ppm
Coal Handling Plant supplies Coal to Boiler.Merry go round system or wagon trippler used to unload coal into hoppers. Coal is crused in crusher to crush it in 25mm size.Magnetic separators used to separate metalic particles from coal.
ABCB,SF6,OCB,MOCB and VCB are circuit breakers used to make or break electricity contact at load.
Isolators are used to make or break contact at no loads.
ABT
ABT is availability based tarrif and frequency based pricing system to maintain Grid discipline.
Purging is done to clean furnace from combustible gases by running ID Fan and FD Fan at atleast 30% load for 5 minutes to avoid furnace explosion.
Furnace explosion may be checked by timely purging and adjusting firing properly using right quantity of primary and secondary air and timely oil support and avoiding leakage of fuel oil in boiler. Furnace must be purged properly again if flame is not established during lightup of boiler.
Flame scanners used to sense flame in boiler to detect flame failure to avoid boiler furnace explosion.
FSSS is furnace safeguards supervisory system to safeguard boiler.
How To avoid Clinker Formation in Boiler?
Clinker Formation in Boiler of Thermal Power Station is due to high Ash Content which have low fusion temperature below 1470 degree centrigrade and Minerals present in it. Due to poor Quality of Coal ash got fused and mineral content stick into Water Wall which is very difficult to remove often requires removal by pneumatic machines. This Clinker deposition may be stopped to some extent if sufficient water is sprayed into hopper and regular poking and using good quality of coal. Ash fusion temperature must be above 1470 degree centrigrade and soot blowing regularly at load by enjecting steam by wall blowers. Overfiring is also responsible hence firing must be properly adjusted by proper balance of primary and secondary air in boiler.
Accumulation of clinker may be checked if poking of hoppers done regularly and any negligence may start process of clinker deposition. If clinker is not removed immediately then same may choke hopper and often workers got burnt due to sudden fall of hot water which accumulated in hopper.
Once clinker formed into hopper than outage of unit is evident otherwise clinker may deposit in huge quantity which will be very difficult to remove because minerals content present in coal fused with ash deposit into water wall. Such hard Lumps of Clinkers requires pneumatic hammering which takes very much time resulting in forced closure of unit for weeks.
Although cause of clinker formation is poor coal quality and high mineral content in coal but accumulation in Water Wall is result of negligence by Workers and Engineers who do not poke hopper regularly and spray insufficient amount of water into hopper which may not flush fused slag to channels. Outage of clinker grinder and soot blower is also matter of concern may be termed as negligence.
Hence it is advised never blame to low coal quality,low GCV,low ash fusion temperature and high mineral content in coal.Instead of blaming to above factors try regular poking and provide sufficient water in hopper.Clinker Grinders must be made operational. Soot blowing must be done regulaly by injecting steam. In India coal supplied to power plants is mostly of low quality which has high ash content so precaution is best solution here to avoid deposition and formation of clinkers in Boiler.
Precaution may stop clinker deposition and formation so remain vigilant.
Boiler Tube Leak Detection by Acoustic Monitoring Instruments
Acoustic Instruments may be used to detect early boiler tube leak to avoid secondary damage to pressure parts.Boiler acoustic tube leak detection system must be used as it prevent damage to costly boiler parts and it is very much cost effective.An increase in boiler availability of just one day will more than cover the cost of a leak detection system.
Traditional leak detection system such hearing hissing sound by ear or monitoring feed water flow or furnace vaccum is not much reliable because it can not detect small leak so damage to vital costly equipment of boiler may not be avoided.Writer noticed many instances where thermal power plants boiler allowed to run for long time due to confusion which caused permanent damage to many boiler tubes,refractory and boiler structures.Hence importance of acoustic monitoring leak detection systems sincerely felt .
Acoustic leak detection sensors detect high frequency emmissions from site of leak and Sensitive piezoelectric sensors mounted to the structure transform these acoustic waves to electronic voltage signals, which are amplified, filtered, and processed to determine energy content.
Early detection by acoustic monitoring instruments results in substantial reduction of repair times and costs with a consequent increase in plant availability and profits. The early detection of a bolier tube leak will give financial savings which will easily exceed the initial capital cost of the detection system even at the very first event.
http://www.acousticmonitoring.com/
Acousti monitoring international
p(330)305-1422f(330)494-9822-16707 harbour drive n.w cantou ohio 447
http://www.proconeng.com/mainfiles/boilerleak.html
procon engineering
http://www.triple5industries.com/
http://www.steamleak.com/
How To Run Thermal Power Plant Units Efficiently?
How to run units efficiently and saftly is big question today? Thermal Power Plant Units require great care during operation. Only highly trained Employees and Engineers may handle effectively. Only Quality Training Programmes for Engineers and Operators may ensure efficient Running. Greatest Importance must be given to such Training Programmes. Frequent trippings, damage of auxiliaries and Accidents are seen if Engineers and Employees are not properly Trained. Engineers must know Important facts and Operational Precaution for efficient operation of Units which are descibed below.
Coal is received from mines by Merry Go Round System. Old Power Houses uses the Wagon Tripler which turn Wagon to unload it. Coal is Crushed upto size of 25 mm and Magnetic particles are separated. If Coal is not properly crushed and Iron pieces not seperated then Pulverisers and Raw Coal Feeders will face severe problems. Chain of Raw Coal Feeder may damage due to metallic parts present in Coal. Big Size Coal may affect grinding capacity of our Pulverisers.
Raw Coal Feeders are used to provide controlled quantity of Coal to Pulverisers. Ball Mill or Bowl Mill are being used to grind coal in powder form for efficiently burning Coal.
Primary Air Fan provides air for tranportation of Coal and its drying. Forced Draught Fan provide Secondary Air help burning coal. Important point which must be remember that Ratio of Primary and Secondary must be proper. Quantity of Primary Air, Secondary Air and Pulverised Coal must be properly adjusted and firing must be checked properly by flame scanners so that they may not be unburnt coal.
Air from Feed Water is seperated by Deaerator. Hydrazine is dosed here so that oxygen is removed from feed water. Phosphate dosing is done in Boiler Drum to seperate Silica particles from feed water. Dosing of Phosphate and Hydrazine must be properly monitored. Sample of water must be timely get checked from Lab so that deposition of silica in Boiler Tubes and Turbine Blades may be avoided. Continous Blow Down valve is generally opened upto 10% to 30% as per sample reports from water chemistry lab.
At the start of boiler ignitors or oil rows if the flame is not established then we must relight boiler after purging. Boiler Furnace explosion may be avoided by timely purging and stoppage of leakage of fuel oil in furnace. Purging is done before every light up of boiler by starting Induced Draft Fan and Forced Draft Fan for five minute and maintain 30% air flow for five minutes so that unburnt fuel and gases present in boiler furnace may escape.
At low load always take fuel oil support to avoid flame failure.
Soot blowing which done to dislodge soot from boiler tubes must be regularly done by injecting steam at sufficient pressure and temperature as per manufacturer's guidlines and intructions.
Poking of ash hoppers must be continiously monitored so that hoppers may not choked and further deposition of clinkers takes place. Clinker grinders must be made operational.
L P Drain which are provided at boiler zero meter for draining water if salt concentration and silica value increases must be operated under strict guidance and monitoring. L P Drain valve must be opened partially, one by one for less than one minutes otherwise water wall may damage due to stoppage of natural cirulation. It is best practice to operate L P Drain at the time of light up of boiler when pressure and temperarure is relatively low.
Isolators must be opened or closed at no Loads and Circuit Breakers may be opened or closed at Load.
Stator water cooling system is provided for cooling of Generator Stator Conductors where Demineralised water is circulated in hollow conductors. Quality of Demineralised water must be monitored.
Power Plant Auxiliaries such as I D Fan, F D Fan, PA Fan must be started at no load because at the time of start of motor it takes nearly 14 times more current. Position of Discharge and Suction Dampers must be properly checked.
For starting Boiler Feed Pump we must ensure that suction valve is opened and discharge valve is closed and recirculation valve must be opened.
Interlock and Protection must be timely checked to know its fuctioning.
At the instant of tripping of unit we must open Main breaker first and after Main breaker is tripped and current in all three phases shows zero then we must open field breaker of generator for its safety.
D C Seal oil Pump, D C Lub oil Pump, D C Fire Pump must be started daily to check its functioning.
Barring Gear or Shaft Turning Gear must be immediately engaged when turbine rotor speed reaches to zero to avoid its bending.
At the time of Boiler Tube Leakage we must immediately trip the unit to avoid secondary damage. Feed flow quantity, Deaerator level, Furnace Vaccum must be monitored regularly. Hissing sound may be observed from site in case of tube leakage. Acoustic Monitoring Instruments may also be used to detect small Boiler Tube Leakage upto size of 2.5 mm with its correct location. This system may detect leakage at the moment it starts.
Operation of Modern Thermal Power Plant requires great attention and Precaution for its safe and efficient running although many advanced protection, auto and burner management system which are controlled by latest softawre and computer are provided. Engineers engaged in operation should remain vigilant, understand the procedures to control emergencies and prepare for many more unexpected circustances.
http://boilerdetails.blogspot.com/
https://sites.google.com/site/thermaltraining/
How a coal power station works?
Saturday, July 31, 2010
Steam Boiler Tube Leak Detection by Acoustic Monitoring International
Acoustic Instruments may be used to detect early boiler tube leak to avoid secondary damage to pressure parts.Boiler acoustic tube leak detection system must be used as it prevent damage to costly boiler parts and it is very much cost effective.An increase in boiler availability of just one day will more than cover the cost of a leak detection system.Traditional leak detection system such hearing hissing sound by ear or monitoring feed water flow or furnace vaccum is not much reliable because it can not detect small leak so damage to vital costly equipment of boiler may not be avoided.Writer noticed many instances where thermal power plants boiler allowed to run for long time due to confusion which caused permanent damage to many boiler tubes,refractory and boiler structures.Hence importance of acoustic monitoring leak detection systems sincerely felt .Acoustic leak detection sensors detect high frequency emmissions from site of leak and Sensitive piezoelectric sensors mounted to the structure transform these acoustic waves to electronic voltage signals, which are amplified, filtered, and processed to determine energy content.Early detection by acoustic monitoring instruments results in substantial reduction of repair times and costs with a consequent increase in plant availability and profits. The early detection of a bolier tube leak will give financial savings which will easily exceed the initial capital cost of the detection system even at the very first event.Finally,Acoustic monitoring instruments must be intalled in boilers of thermal power plants.for more details go to
http://www.acousticmonitoring.com/
Acousti monitoring internationalp
(330)305-1422f(330)494-9822-16707 harbour drive n.w cantou ohio 447
http://www.proconeng.com/mainfiles/boilerleak.html
procon engineering
http://www.triple5industries.com/
http://www.steamleak.com/
http://www.acousticmonitoring.com/
Acousti monitoring internationalp
(330)305-1422f(330)494-9822-16707 harbour drive n.w cantou ohio 447
http://www.proconeng.com/mainfiles/boilerleak.html
procon engineering
http://www.triple5industries.com/
http://www.steamleak.com/
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
To avoid furnace explosion you must ensure that ther must not be leakage of oil into boiler furnace and trip the boiler immdiately if flame disappears
Boiler Furnace Explosion-avoid it
To avoid furnace explosion you must ensure that ther must not be leakage of oil into boiler furnace and trip the boiler immdiately if flame disappears.Purging of boiler is necessary after every tip out.There is one more precaution which is if at the start of ignitors or oil rows the flame is not established immediately then purge the furnace and relight again.
To avoid furnace explosion you must ensure that ther must not be leakage of oil into boiler furnace and trip the boiler immdiately if flame disappears.Purging of boiler is necessary after every tip out.There is one more precaution which is if at the start of ignitors or oil rows the flame is not established immediately then purge the furnace and relight again.
Boiler Turbogenerator GT ESP ABT FSS Deaerator Scanners Soot blowers Air heaters Economisers Superheaters Reheaters ID FD PA Fan BFP LPH HPH CW Pump
Introduction and some facts about large thermal power station for efficient operation.Boiler is used for steam generation.Ball Mill or Bowl mills are used for pulverisation of coal in powder form for efficient firing in boiler.Raw Coal Feeders are used to supply coal to ball mills in controlled quantity.PA Fan are used to transport and preheat pulverised coal to burners.ID Fan are used to exhaust flue gases to chimeny and create vaccum in Furnace.Electrostatic Precipitators are used to separate ash particles from flue gases to control pollution.Here collecting electrode,emmiting electrode and rapping mechanism used.FD Fan used to provide air to boiler for help in firing.Steam produced in boiler is further superheated in Superheaters.There are lot superheaters such as platen,pendent,convection and final superheaters.Boiler drum used for separation of staem from water and storage.Nowadays Drum less once through boiler also used which operates at super critical temerature and Pressure.Boiler circulation pump used for forced circulation of water in water wall because at high pressure natural circulation is not possible.Soot Blowers used to remove soot from water wall,Superheater,Reheaters and Air Heaters by injecting steam into heating surfaces.Ash slurry pumps are used to flush ash with water.Boiler Feed Pump used to provide water to boiler Drum.Deaerator used to separate dissolved air from Feed water.In Turbine heat energy of steam is converted into mechanical energy.ESV which is called emergency stop valve used to stop supply of steam to turbine when unit trips.Reheaters used to reheat steam exhausted from HP turbine.After reheating upto 535 degree centrigade same steam is utilised in Intermediate Pressure Turbine.Barring gear or shaft turning gear is used to ratate turbinr rotor at 3.15 rpm when turbine is not running to check bending of rotor due to its own weight.LP Heaters and HP Heaters are used to heat condensate and feed water supplied to boiler to increase efficiency by steam bled from turbine extraction.Economiser are used to heat feed water by flue gages to increase efficiency. Heat of waste flue gas is utilised here.Air Heaters uses heat of waste flue gases to preheat primary and secondary air.There are two types of air heaters tubular and rotary.Condenser used to condence steam exhausted from turbine.Condensate Pump are used to supply water to Deaerator from condenser Hot well.CW Pump used to cool steam exhausted from turbine into condensers.Raw Water is Circulated by cw pump into condenser tube hence leakage from condenser tubes must be checked to avoid mixing of raw water into Hot well.Turbogenerator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.H2 Gas used in generators used for cooling of generators.Seal Oil system used to seal hydrogen gas from escape from generator.Stator Water Cooling system provides demineralised water into hollow stator conductor of generator for its cooling.Generating Tansformer steps up volatage for transmission.Water Treatment Plant is used to produce demineralised water for steam generation. Cation anion and degassifier tower used to separate mineral and gases from water.PAC or alum used to separate mud and silica from water.Here minerals removed from water and ph value is maintained near 7 and silica value must less tham 0.02 ppm Coal Handling Plant supplies Coal to Boiler.Merry go round system or wagon trippler used to unload coal into hoppers. Coal is crused in crusher to crush it in 25mm size.Magnetic separators used to separate metalic particles from coal.ABCB,SF6,OCB,MOCB and VCB are circuit breakers used to make or break electricity contact at load.Isolators are used to make or break contact at no loads.ABT is availability based tarrif system to maintain grid discipline.Purging is done to clean furnace from combustible gases by running ID Fan and FD Fan at atleast 30% load for 5 minutes to avoid furnace explosion.Furnace explosion may be checked by timely purging and adjusting firing properly using right quantity primary and secondary air and timely oil support and avoiding leakage of fuel oil in boiler.Furnace must be purged properly again if flame is not established during lightup of boiler.Flame scanners used to sense flame in boiler to detect flame failure to avoid boiler furnace explosion.FSSS is furnace safeguards supervisory system to safeguard boiler.Clinker formation which caused by more ash content having low fusion temperature and mineral in poor quality coal may be checked by proper poking and using more water for flushing and use of clinker grinder and regular soot blowing.Overfiring which is also cause of clinker formation may be avoided by proper primary and secondary air ratio.Acoustic Instruments used to detect early boiler tube leakage to avoid secondary damage to pressure parts,Refractory and structures of Boiler.Boiler must be immediately shut down in case of Boiler tube Leakage.
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Detect Boiler Tube Leakage Early to avoid secondary Damage.Superheater WaterWall Economiser Tube Leakage may be detected by Acoustic Instruments
Superheater Waterwall Economiser Tube Leakage may be detected by Acoustic Instruments to avoid secondary damage to Boiler
Detect Boiler Tube Leakage Early to avoid secondary Damage.Superheater WaterWall Economiser Tube Leakage may be detected by Acoustic Instruments to avoid secondary damage.BTL may damage boiler tubes,refractory,structure beams and choke Airheater tubes so it must be watched carefully.There must be constant vigil on possibility of Boiler Tube Leakage because small negligence may result into heavy leakage to pressure parts of Boiler,its refractories and even to its Structure Beams etc.We must constatly watch furnace vaccum which must be maintained -10 to -20 mmwl.If furnace vaccum is disturbed then we must physically inspect boiler for hissing sound of leakage of steam.Nowadays some Acoustic Instruments also available which may detect steam leakage from boiler tube.Feed water flow is another parameter which must be watched carefully to judge boiler tube leakage.Any increase of feed water flow and decreasing of deaerator level must be seriously examined.There are several type of boiler tube leakage such as Super Heater Leakage,Water Wall Leakage and Economiser Tube Leakage,all type of boiler tube leakage are seriously dangerous for Boiler.In some cases I have seen that Economiser leakage not taken seriously and unit allowed to run for some time which resulted into chocking of Air Heater Tube which resulted into pressurisation on Boiler Furnace.
Detect Boiler Tube Leakage Early to avoid secondary Damage.Superheater WaterWall Economiser Tube Leakage may be detected by Acoustic Instruments to avoid secondary damage.BTL may damage boiler tubes,refractory,structure beams and choke Airheater tubes so it must be watched carefully.There must be constant vigil on possibility of Boiler Tube Leakage because small negligence may result into heavy leakage to pressure parts of Boiler,its refractories and even to its Structure Beams etc.We must constatly watch furnace vaccum which must be maintained -10 to -20 mmwl.If furnace vaccum is disturbed then we must physically inspect boiler for hissing sound of leakage of steam.Nowadays some Acoustic Instruments also available which may detect steam leakage from boiler tube.Feed water flow is another parameter which must be watched carefully to judge boiler tube leakage.Any increase of feed water flow and decreasing of deaerator level must be seriously examined.There are several type of boiler tube leakage such as Super Heater Leakage,Water Wall Leakage and Economiser Tube Leakage,all type of boiler tube leakage are seriously dangerous for Boiler.In some cases I have seen that Economiser leakage not taken seriously and unit allowed to run for some time which resulted into chocking of Air Heater Tube which resulted into pressurisation on Boiler Furnace.
Clinker Formation may be avoided by using good quality coal and proper firing
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Clinker Formation may be avoided by using good quality coal and proper firing
Clinker deposition in Water Wall may be avoided by proper poking and using sufficient water for flushing and taking Clinker Grinder into service.Precaution may eliminate chances of deposition of clinker and outage of unit and accidents.Proper firing must be done by using right quantity of primary and secondary air so that there may not be unburnt coal.
Clinker Formation may be avoided by using good quality coal and proper firing
Clinker deposition in Water Wall may be avoided by proper poking and using sufficient water for flushing and taking Clinker Grinder into service.Precaution may eliminate chances of deposition of clinker and outage of unit and accidents.Proper firing must be done by using right quantity of primary and secondary air so that there may not be unburnt coal.
Clinker Formation in Boiler of Thermal Power Station is due to high Ash Content which have low fusion temperature below 1500 degree centrigrade
Avoid Clinker Formation in Boiler using good quality coal,poking,soot blowing,flushing slag by sufficient water from hopper
Clinker Formation in Boiler of Thermal Power Station is due to high Ash Content which have low fusion temperature below 1500 degree centrigrade and Minerals present in it.Due to poor Quality of Coal ash got fused and mineral content stick into Water Wall which is very difficult to remove often requires removal by pneumatic machines.This Clinker deposition may be stopped to some extent if sufficient water is sprayed into hopper and regular poking to remove deposition and using good quality of coal.Ash fusion temperature must be above 1500 degree centrigrade and soot blowing regularly at load by enjecting steam by wall blowers.Overfiring is also responsible hence firing must be properly adjusted by proper balance of primary and secondary air in boiler.Accumulation of clinker may be checked if poking of hoppers done regularly and any negligence may start process of clinker deposition.If clinker is not removed immediately then same may choke hopper and often workers got burnt due to sudden fall of hot water which accumulated in hopper.Once clinker formed into hopper than outage of unit is evident otherwise clinker may deposit in huge quantity which will be very difficult to remove because minerals content present in coal fused with ash deposit into water wall.Such hard Lumps of Clinkers requires pneumatic hammering which takes very much time resulting in forced closure of unit for weeks.Although cause of clinker formation is poor coal quality and high mineral content in coal but accumulation in Water Wall is result of negligence by Workers and Engineers who do not poke hopper regularly and spray insufficient amount of water into hopper which may not flush fused slag to channels.Outage of clinker grinder and soot blower is also matter of concern may be termed as negligence.Hence it is advised never blame to low coal quality,low GCV,low ash fusion temperature and high mineral content in coal.Instead of blaming to above factors try regular poking and provide sufficient water in hopper.Clinker Grinders must be made operational.Soot blowing must be done regulaly by injecting steam.In India coal supplied to power plants is mostly of low quality which has high ash content so precaution is best solution here to avoid deposition and formation of clinkers in Boiler.Precaution may stop clinker deposition and formation so remain vigilant.
Clinker Formation in Boiler of Thermal Power Station is due to high Ash Content which have low fusion temperature below 1500 degree centrigrade and Minerals present in it.Due to poor Quality of Coal ash got fused and mineral content stick into Water Wall which is very difficult to remove often requires removal by pneumatic machines.This Clinker deposition may be stopped to some extent if sufficient water is sprayed into hopper and regular poking to remove deposition and using good quality of coal.Ash fusion temperature must be above 1500 degree centrigrade and soot blowing regularly at load by enjecting steam by wall blowers.Overfiring is also responsible hence firing must be properly adjusted by proper balance of primary and secondary air in boiler.Accumulation of clinker may be checked if poking of hoppers done regularly and any negligence may start process of clinker deposition.If clinker is not removed immediately then same may choke hopper and often workers got burnt due to sudden fall of hot water which accumulated in hopper.Once clinker formed into hopper than outage of unit is evident otherwise clinker may deposit in huge quantity which will be very difficult to remove because minerals content present in coal fused with ash deposit into water wall.Such hard Lumps of Clinkers requires pneumatic hammering which takes very much time resulting in forced closure of unit for weeks.Although cause of clinker formation is poor coal quality and high mineral content in coal but accumulation in Water Wall is result of negligence by Workers and Engineers who do not poke hopper regularly and spray insufficient amount of water into hopper which may not flush fused slag to channels.Outage of clinker grinder and soot blower is also matter of concern may be termed as negligence.Hence it is advised never blame to low coal quality,low GCV,low ash fusion temperature and high mineral content in coal.Instead of blaming to above factors try regular poking and provide sufficient water in hopper.Clinker Grinders must be made operational.Soot blowing must be done regulaly by injecting steam.In India coal supplied to power plants is mostly of low quality which has high ash content so precaution is best solution here to avoid deposition and formation of clinkers in Boiler.Precaution may stop clinker deposition and formation so remain vigilant.
Sunday, July 11, 2010
Acoustic Instruments to avoid secondary damage.BTL may damage boiler tubes refractory structure beams
Boiler Tube Leakage Detect Early to avoid Secondary Damage Superheater WaterWall Economiser Tube Leakage detection by Acoustic Instruments to avoid secondary damage.BTL may damage boiler tubes refractory structure beams
and choke Airheater tubes so it must be watched carefully
Detect Boiler Tube Leakage Early to avoid secondary DamageThere must be constant vigil on possibility of Boiler Tube Leakage because small negligence may result into heavy leakage to pressure parts of Boiler,its refractories and
even to its Structure Beams etc.We must constatly watch furnace vaccum which must be maintained -10 to -20 mmwl.If furnace vaccum is disturbed then we must physically
inspect boiler for hissing sound of leakage of steam.Nowadays some Acoustic Instruments also available which may detect steam leakage from boiler tube.Feed water flow
is another parameter which must be watched carefully to judge boiler tube leakage.Any increase of feed water flow and decreasing of deaerator level must be seriously
examined.
There are several type of boiler tube leakage such as Super Heater Leakage,Wter Wall Leakage and Economiser Tube Leakage,all type of boiler tube leakage are seriously
dangerous for Boiler.In some cases I have seen that Economiser leakage not taken seriously and unit allowed to run for some time which resulted into chocking of Air
Heater Tube which resulted into pressurisation on Boiler Furnace.
and choke Airheater tubes so it must be watched carefully
Detect Boiler Tube Leakage Early to avoid secondary DamageThere must be constant vigil on possibility of Boiler Tube Leakage because small negligence may result into heavy leakage to pressure parts of Boiler,its refractories and
even to its Structure Beams etc.We must constatly watch furnace vaccum which must be maintained -10 to -20 mmwl.If furnace vaccum is disturbed then we must physically
inspect boiler for hissing sound of leakage of steam.Nowadays some Acoustic Instruments also available which may detect steam leakage from boiler tube.Feed water flow
is another parameter which must be watched carefully to judge boiler tube leakage.Any increase of feed water flow and decreasing of deaerator level must be seriously
examined.
There are several type of boiler tube leakage such as Super Heater Leakage,Wter Wall Leakage and Economiser Tube Leakage,all type of boiler tube leakage are seriously
dangerous for Boiler.In some cases I have seen that Economiser leakage not taken seriously and unit allowed to run for some time which resulted into chocking of Air
Heater Tube which resulted into pressurisation on Boiler Furnace.
Boiler Turbine Turbogenerator ID FD PA Fan BFP LPH HPH Deaerator GT Air heaters Economisers
Introduction and some facts about large thermal power station.
Boiler is used for steam generation.
Ball Mill or Bowl mills are used for pulverisation of coal in powder form for efficient firing in boiler.
Raw Coal Feeders are used to supply coal to ball mills in controlled quantity.
PA Fan are used to transport and preheat pulverised coal to burners.
ID Fan are used to exhaust flue gases to chimeny and create vaccum in Furnace.
Electrostatic Precipitators are used to separate ash particles from flue gases to control pollution.Here collecting electrode,emmiting electrode and rapping mechanism used.
FD Fan used to provide air to boiler for help in firing.
Steam produced in boiler is further superheated in Superheaters.There are lot superheaters such as platen,pendent,convection and final superheaters.
Boiler drum used for separation of staem from water.
Boiler circulation pump used for forced circulation of water in water wall because at high pressure natural circulation is not possible.
Ash slurry pumps are used to flush ash with water.
Boiler Feed Pump used to provide water to boiler.
Deaerator used to separate dissolved air from water.
In Turbine heat energy of steam is converted into mechanical energy.
ESV which is called emergency stop valve used to stop supply of steam to turbine when unit trips.
Barring gear or shaft turning gear is used to ratate turbinr rotor at 3.15 rpm when turbine is not running to check bending of rotor due to its own weight.
LP Heaters and HP Heaters are used to heat condensate and feed water supplied to boiler to increase efficiency by steam bled from turbine extraction.
Economiser are used to heat feed water by flue gages to increase efficiency. Heat of waste flue gas is utilised here.
Air Heaters uses heat of waste flue gases to preheat primary and secondary air.There are two types of air heaters tubular and rotary.
Condenser used to condence steam exhausted from turbine.
Condensate Pump are used to supply water to Deaerator from condensers.
CW Pump used to cool steam in condensers.
Turbogenerator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
H2 Gas used in generators used for cooling of generators.
Seal Oil system used to seal hydrogen gas from escape from generator.
Stator Water Cooling system provides demineralised water into hollow stator conductor of generator for its cooling.
Generating Tansformer steps up volatage for transmission.
Water Treatment Plant is used to produce demineralised water for steam generation. Cation anion and degassifier tower used to separate mineral and gases from water.PAC
or alum used to separate mud and silica from water.
Coal Handling Plant supplies Coal to Boiler.Merry go round system or wagon trippler used to unload coal into hoppers. Coal is crused in crusher to crush it in 25mm
size.Magnetic separators used to separate metalic particles from coal.
ABCB,SF6,OCB,MOCB and VCB are circuit breakers used to make or break electricity contact at load.
Isolators are used to make or break contact at no loads.
ABT is availability based tarrif system to maintain grid discipline.
Purging is done to clean furnace from combustible gases by running IDF and FDF at atleast 30% load for 5 minutes.
Furnace explosion may be checked by timely purging and adjusting firing properly using right quantity primary and secondary air and timely oil support.
Flame scanners used to sence flame in boiler.
FSS is furnace safeguards supervisory system to safeguard boiler.
Clinker formation which caused by more ash content and mineral in poor quality coal may be checked by proper poking and using more water for flushing and use of clinker
grinder.
Acoustic Instruments used to detect early boilker tube leakage to avoid secondary damage to pressure parts.
http://tpp-4u.blogspot.com/
Boiler is used for steam generation.
Ball Mill or Bowl mills are used for pulverisation of coal in powder form for efficient firing in boiler.
Raw Coal Feeders are used to supply coal to ball mills in controlled quantity.
PA Fan are used to transport and preheat pulverised coal to burners.
ID Fan are used to exhaust flue gases to chimeny and create vaccum in Furnace.
Electrostatic Precipitators are used to separate ash particles from flue gases to control pollution.Here collecting electrode,emmiting electrode and rapping mechanism used.
FD Fan used to provide air to boiler for help in firing.
Steam produced in boiler is further superheated in Superheaters.There are lot superheaters such as platen,pendent,convection and final superheaters.
Boiler drum used for separation of staem from water.
Boiler circulation pump used for forced circulation of water in water wall because at high pressure natural circulation is not possible.
Ash slurry pumps are used to flush ash with water.
Boiler Feed Pump used to provide water to boiler.
Deaerator used to separate dissolved air from water.
In Turbine heat energy of steam is converted into mechanical energy.
ESV which is called emergency stop valve used to stop supply of steam to turbine when unit trips.
Barring gear or shaft turning gear is used to ratate turbinr rotor at 3.15 rpm when turbine is not running to check bending of rotor due to its own weight.
LP Heaters and HP Heaters are used to heat condensate and feed water supplied to boiler to increase efficiency by steam bled from turbine extraction.
Economiser are used to heat feed water by flue gages to increase efficiency. Heat of waste flue gas is utilised here.
Air Heaters uses heat of waste flue gases to preheat primary and secondary air.There are two types of air heaters tubular and rotary.
Condenser used to condence steam exhausted from turbine.
Condensate Pump are used to supply water to Deaerator from condensers.
CW Pump used to cool steam in condensers.
Turbogenerator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
H2 Gas used in generators used for cooling of generators.
Seal Oil system used to seal hydrogen gas from escape from generator.
Stator Water Cooling system provides demineralised water into hollow stator conductor of generator for its cooling.
Generating Tansformer steps up volatage for transmission.
Water Treatment Plant is used to produce demineralised water for steam generation. Cation anion and degassifier tower used to separate mineral and gases from water.PAC
or alum used to separate mud and silica from water.
Coal Handling Plant supplies Coal to Boiler.Merry go round system or wagon trippler used to unload coal into hoppers. Coal is crused in crusher to crush it in 25mm
size.Magnetic separators used to separate metalic particles from coal.
ABCB,SF6,OCB,MOCB and VCB are circuit breakers used to make or break electricity contact at load.
Isolators are used to make or break contact at no loads.
ABT is availability based tarrif system to maintain grid discipline.
Purging is done to clean furnace from combustible gases by running IDF and FDF at atleast 30% load for 5 minutes.
Furnace explosion may be checked by timely purging and adjusting firing properly using right quantity primary and secondary air and timely oil support.
Flame scanners used to sence flame in boiler.
FSS is furnace safeguards supervisory system to safeguard boiler.
Clinker formation which caused by more ash content and mineral in poor quality coal may be checked by proper poking and using more water for flushing and use of clinker
grinder.
Acoustic Instruments used to detect early boilker tube leakage to avoid secondary damage to pressure parts.
http://tpp-4u.blogspot.com/
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